[Pak Youth] Diabetic Foot.

 

Long standing uncontrolled Diabetes causes one more problem that the legs get effected due to which the life becomes very difficult.Diabetes causes three types of changes in the feet
1. Peripheral Neuropathy
2. Muscular degeneration
3. Micro and Macro vascular disturbances( Diminished blood supply in small and big arteries)
Peripheral Neuropathy- In this type of disturbance sensations carrying power of the nerves is diminished.Initially there is pain and some pecular type of sensation of pin and prick but later on the sensations get diminished. The person does not feel the hot cold and touch sensations with the result that the paerson is unable to save his feet from being injured.There is formation of wound and it does not heal up easily.Since the blood supply of the feet is already less than required the would gets infected and the body is unable to control this infection and long lasting wound appears.85% of the amputation of foot are done due to Perpheral Neuropathy
Muscular Disturbance- The feet have to bear the whole weight of the body.The soles of the feet have certain important points which bear the this weight.These are known as arches of the feet.Normally they get sufficient blood suplly as they are covered and controlled by small muscles.Their main work is to control the balance of the body while walking or standing. In diabetes the blood supply is affected and muscles get degenerated and a hard tissue develops.This is known as callus.They are hard black and painful.They have to be excised and thenulcers are formed which also do not heal up easily.
Micro and Macro vascular changes-As elsewhere in the body in Diabetes the blood flow is diminished in small and big arteries. Thus the feet become swollen and edematous.They become cold and dry.There is no perspiration.With the loss of blood supply gangrene appear in the legs. This part of the leg becomes dead and has to be got amputated.
To escape from these miseries proper attention should be given namely
1. The blood sugar should be kept under control.Regular monitoring should be got done. Only specified drugs to be taken.These days so many advertisements appear on T.V. They should not be relied upon unless prescribed by the Doctors
2.Feet should be regularly checked up.Special attention should be given to touch and pain sensations and if they are diminished proper treatment be taken.
3.One should put on the well fitted shoes.Tight shoes should be completely avoided.
4. One should not walk barefooted.
5.Smoking should be discarded.
Blood test for HbA1C should regularly be got done every three months.This is the onlw way to find out if the Diabetes is under control or not.It should remain below 7.

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